• Lancelot of the Laik

to and fro" in imitation of line 3293. 538 Edward, Second Duke of York (in The Master of the Game, ed. Wm. A. and F. Baillie-Groham, [New York: Duffield, 1919]) says of the greyhound: "a good greyhound should go so

• Lay le Freine

bodies are so similar, their names artificially set them apart as opposites. The Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Symbols (New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1949), vol 1, p. 80, connects the "ash" in Scandinavian mythology to the tree of the

• Adam Bell, Clim of the Clough, and William of Cloudesley: Introduction

of Cloudesle. London: Roberts, c. 1605. Child, F. J., ed. English and Scottish Popular Ballads. 5 vol. 1882-98; rpt. New York: Dover, 1965. Vol. III, no. 116. Dobson, R. J., and J. Taylor. Rymes of Robin Hood. London: Heinemann, 1976.

• Richard II's Reign and the Peasants' Revolt: Addresses of the Commons

Initia carminum ac versuum medii aevi posterioris latinorum § 17697; Reliquiae Antiquae, ed. T. Wright and J. O. Halliwell (New York: Pickering, 1843), 2:6: Si dedero, decus accipiam flatumque favoris: Ni dedero, nil percipiam, spem perdo laboris. Si dedero, genus

• Robin Hood and the Monk: Introduction

Ballads, British Library Printed Books Collection C40.m.9-11. Child, F. J., ed. English and Scottish Popular Ballads. 5 vol. Rpt. New York: Dover, 1995. Vol. III, no. 119. Pp. 94-101. Dobson, R. J., and J. Taylor, eds. Rymes of Robin Hood.

• Sir Launfal

Spell: Radical Theories of Folk and Fairy Tales (New York: Methuen, 1984) and James Roy King, Old Tales and New Truths: Charting the Bright-Shadow World (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992), consider the fairytale's cultural role in the

• Item 39, Sir Orfeo: Introduction

State University Press, 1965. Pp. 206B26. [Prints text of Ashmole 61.] Sands, Donald B., ed. Middle English Verse Romances. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1966. Pp. 185B200. Sisam, Kenneth, ed. Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921.

• The Sultan of Babylon: Introduction

Rome. Ed. Emil Hausknecht. EETS e.s. 38. 1881; rpt. London: Oxford UP for the EETS, 1969. Lines 1491-3226 of The Sultan of Babylon appear in Middle English Metrical Romances. Ed. Walter Hoyt French and Charles Brockway Hale. New York: Russell

• Item 28, The Northern Passion: Introduction

The Northern Passion has generally interested later readers as a source for other works, most notably the plays of the York and Towneley (Wakefield) cycles.8 In two manuscripts, the text was incorporated into the “expanded” Northern Homily Cycle, and the

• The N-Town Plays: Play 22, Baptism

one by John Bale), but there are only two extant texts apart from the N-Town version. N-Town's version differs from York Play 22 and Towneley Play 19 in two ways: first, God speaks directly (not through angels), approving of Christ's

• The N-Town Plays: Play 42, Judgment Day

play, the Assumption of Mary. This N-Town version does not deviate much from the other English Doomsday plays, those from York Play 47, Chester Play 24, and Towneley Play 30. Each version, based on Matthew 25:31–46, begins with God’s (or

• Lydgate, Of the Sodein Fal of Princes in Oure Dayes

common in Tudor and Stuart pageantry, as in the pageantry featuring six kings named Henry who welcomed Henry VII at York in 1486 or in the pageant alluded to in the “shew of eight Kings, and Banquo,” which greets Macbeth

• Item 32, Maidstone’s Seven Penitential Psalms: Introduction

a MS Now in the British Museum, Add. MSS 39574. EETS o.s. 155. London: Oxford University Press, 1921. Rpt. New York: Kraus Reprint, 1971. [Collates several man­uscripts; based on London, British Library MS Additional 39574.] Kreuzer, James R. “Richard Maidstone’s

• William Dunbar: The Complete Works: Introduction

9 vols. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1987-98. Brown, Carleton, and Rossell Hope Robbins. The Index of Middle English Verse. New York: Columbia University Press, 1943. The Buke of the Howlat. Ed. Richard Holland. In Longer Scottish Poems, ed. Bawcutt and

• James I of Scotland, The Kingis Quair: Introduction

Rowland. London: Oxford University Press, 1968; rpt. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. Pp. 385-407. Hammond, Eleanor Prescott. English Verse between Chaucer and Surrey. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1927; rpt. New York: Octagon, 1965. [See "John Walton," pp. 39-52.]

• Alliterative Morte Arthure

London, New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1900. Be: Larry D. Benson, ed. King Arthur's Death. Indianapolis and New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1974. Bj: Erik Bjorkman, ed. Morte Arthure. Alt- und mittelenglische Texte, 9. Heidelberg and New York: Carl

• Richard the Redeless: Introduction

Robert Tresilian (chief justice of the King's Bench), Sir Nicholas Brembre (formerly mayor of London), and Alexander Neville, (Archbishop of York). The chronicler Henry Knighton calls these "the five evil seducers of the king."4 At the invitation of mediators, they

• Book of Numbers

French Paraphrase, British Library, MS Egerton 2710, cited by folio and column; Whiting: Whiting, Proverbs, Sentences, and Pro­verbial Phrases; York:York Plays, ed. Beadle. For other abbreviations, see Textual Notes. 2017–20 When Moyses thus had ordand all . . .

• Book of Esther

French Paraphrase, British Library, MS Egerton 2710, cited by folio and column; Whiting: Whiting, Proverbs, Sentences, and Pro­verbial Phrases; York:York Plays, ed. Beadle. For other abbreviations, see Textual Notes. By moving directly from Tobias to Esther, the Paraphrase-poet omits

• The N-Town Plays: Play 4, Noah

6:5–8:22, and is commonly reproduced in late medieval English and Western European religious plays. There are several other English versions: York Plays 8 and 9, Towneley Play 3, Chester Play 3, and two reconstructions of a Shipwrights’ play from Newcastle